Introduction
Mangos were brought to England and Europe after the English occupied
India in 1800's. Today, India is the world’s largest
mango
producer, growing nearly 1000 varieties of mango and contributing
over 50 per cent of the world’s total mango production of
approximately 23 million metric tons. Hence the Mango, Mangifera indica
L., is the most economically important fruit.
Production area
The Indian states with abundant growth of various varieties of mangoes
are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh
and West Bengal.
Growth promotional activities
Mango is grown in an area of 1.23 million ha with an annual
production of 10.99 million tonnes, which accounts for 57.18 per cent of
the total world production. Since liberalization several policy measures
have been taken with regard to regulation & control, fiscal policy,
export & import, taxation, exchange & interest rate control,
export promotion and incentives to high priority industries. This sector
is regulated by the Fruit Products Order, 1955 (FPO), issued under the
Essential Commodities Act. All processing units are required to obtain a
license under this order. Periodic inspection of units is also carried
out and consignments of fruit & vegetable products intended for
export are subject to pre-shipment inspection under the FPO. However,
recognized Export Houses and Star Trading Houses are exempt from this
inspection.
Types
The cultivated mango is probably a natural hybrid between M. indica and
M. sylvatica occurring in southeastern Asia to India. The varieties
grown in India are Alphonso, Bangalora, Banganpalli, Bombai, Bombay
Green, Dashehari, Fajli, Fernnadin, Himsagar, Kesar, Kishen Bhog,
Langra, Mankurad, Mulgoa, Neelum, Chausa, Suvarnarekha, Vanraj, Zardalu
Hybrid Varieties produced in India are Amarapali, Mallika, Arka Aruna,
Arka Puneet, Arka Anmol, Arka Neelkiran, Ratna, Sindhu, Au Rumani,
Manjeera. Other hybrid varieties released are Alfazali, Sundar Langra,
Sabri, Jawahar, Neelphonso, Neeleshan, Neeleshwari and PKM2.
