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Introduction
Indian Agriculture has made
enormous strides in the past 50 years, raising foodgrains production
from 50 million tonnes to over 200 million tonnes. In the process, the
country has progressed from a situation of food shortages and imports
to one of surpluses and exports. Having achieved food sufficiency, the
aim now is to achieve food and nutritional security at the household
level.
The increase in agricultural
production however has brought in its wake, uneven development across
regions, crops and also across different sections of farming
community. In the decade of the 'nineties', a marked slackening in the
pace of growth occurred, pointing to the need for infusing a new
vitality in the agricultural sector.
Seed is the most important
determinant of agricultural production potential on which the
efficiency of other agriculture inputs is dependent. Seeds of
appropriate characteristics are required to meet the demand of diverse
agro-climatic conditions and intensive cropping systems. Sustained
increase in agriculture production and productivity is dependent to a
large extent on the development of new and improved varieties of crops
and an efficient system for timely supply of quality seeds to farmers.
The seed sector has made
impressive progress over the last three decades. The area under
certified seeds has increased from less than 500 hectares in 1962-63
to over 5 lakh hectares in 1999-2000. The quantum of quality seeds has
crossed 100 lakh quintals.
The Seeds Act, 1966 and Seeds
Control Order promulgated thereunder, and the New Policy on Seeds
Development, 1988, form the basis of promotion and regulation of the
Seed Industry. Far-reaching changes, however, have taken place in the
national economic and agricultural scenario and in the international
environment since the enactment of the existing seed legislation and
the announcement of the 1988 Policy.
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